Monday 28 August 2017

Sustainable work practice - Green workplace

Sustainable work practice as defined by Marshall. P, 2012 means to use resources provided by the environment wisely and at an acceptable rate to meet the workplace needs at present without compromising the ability of the environment to provide for the needs of the future generations.
In other words it means people make efficient use of the available earth’s resources at present and conserve/preserve some for the future generations to enjoy.
The consumption of natural resources is growing rapidly as people’s demand for a life of comfort and technology increases.
Simple sustainable work practices that can be practiced to minimise consumption of earth’s resources at the work place can be controlling the use of water and electricity, use recycle papers/materials and cut down on unnecessary staff travel.
It is undeniable that some earth’s resources are non-renewable; that is, when they are completely used up they cannot replenish themselves. They are completely used up in processes such as;
a) Land clearing for farming, residential and industrial buildings
b) Trees cut for their timber and paper
c) Mines for minerals, fuel, oil and gas
d) Man-made chemicals to enhance productivity.
            Until recently organizations realise how much they have destroyed the environment by excessively consuming the earth’s resources and the impact they have on the environment that they develop policies like green workplace.
The aim of green workplace is to scale down on their demand and use of earth’s resources by using environmentally friendly work practices. An example is the Recycle, Reuse and Reduce Cycle and Bank South Pacific (BSP) “Go Green” Policy They develop simple procedures like reducing energy by turning off lights, computers or water taps if not in use, put boxes to collect papers to be recycled and using reusable cups for coffee rather than disposable ones (Bianchi, S. 2016)


Saturday 19 August 2017

Climate Change and changes in Papua New Guinea

 

 


Climate Change also known as Global Warming refers to the rise in average temperature of the Earth’s surface.

Primary cause of Climate Change is the burning of fossil fuels. Other causes are the human activities such as deforestation and agriculture. These activities release carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.

When more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere than the earth’s ability to consume in process such as photosynthesis (plant food), excess carbon dioxide are gathered in the atmosphere. They then trap the heat from sun when reflected by the earth’s surface. When more heat is trapped, the earth’s temperature rises, causing Climate Change/Global Warming. The following image illustrate the process of Climate Change.


Image of Global Warming, 2012


Effects of Climate Change seen around the world are rise in sea level when ice at the Arctic and Antarctic melt, severe weather events such as monsoon, droughts and bushfires. (Takepart, 2017)
The effects of Climate Change are also felt in Papua New Guinea. The common ones are;
Ø  Rise in sea level
Ø  Unpredicted weather patterns
Ø  Food crops failures and success
 
1)      Rise in sea level
Rise in sea level is common along the coastal areas around PNG. Kang. S and Ajaja. I from UNESCO reported that in 2015, coastal areas which experienced and reported a rise in sea level are Madang, Manus, Morobe, and Mortlock Islands, Carteret and Tinputz areas of Bougainville.
Add caption
 
Rising sea level, Manus
 
1)      Unpredicted Weather Patterns
PNG people normally count from November to March as wet season and from April October as dry season (Kang. S & Ajaja. I, 2015a). However this has changed. Morobe province is experiencing a lot of rain while Eastern Highlands and Simbu Province where experiencing dry season and it is wet season in Western Highlands as reported in 2015.  
2)      Food crops failure and successes
Increase atmospheric carbon will benefit crops that are C₄ convertors (C₄, a carbon compound) such as maize and sugar canes and not C₃ convertors such as wheat and rice. Heavy rainfall will increase coffee and palm oil production (Hansen B., 2013a)
Impacts of Climate Change in PNG
1.      Rising sea level
Already the people along the coastal areas of PNG are losing their fishing grounds. Fish escaped into the open sea or migrated away. Food gardens and shelters are under water now. They are calling on the government to relocate them
2.      Unpredicted weather patterns
Unpredicted weather patterns drought expected wet and dry seasons which affect food production for consumption and sale. Cash crop production is also affected, likewise animal husbandry which then affect the supply and demand dynamics for finished products. Heavy rainfall causes floods and destroy lives of people along river banks. Heavy rainfall also brought disease outbreaks like malaria, diarrhoea, flu and cough. (Hansen B., 2013b)
  
3.      Food crops failures and successes
 
 
High atmospheric carbon content is good for some food crops and not others. So it affects human food preferences and the supply and demand dynamics for food consumption.
Community awareness and mobilisation
A recent Climate Change Campaign conducted by UNDP and the Office of Climate Change and Development in 2014 resolved that PNG is being caught by effects of Climate Change by surprise. Not many people know about the expected effects and impacts of Climate Change, lack knowledge on how to effectively deal with the effects and impacts of Climate Change and the importance of conservation to minimise the impacts of Climate Change.
As their community initiative, UNDP educate people on the importance of mangroves and asked them to plant more and look after mangroves. The campaign aims to cover selected coastal ports of PNG (UNDP in PNG, 2014)
 
Government Initiative
April 2015 PNG Government created a Ministry of Climate Change and is slowly putting together processes and procedures to establish office bearers, develop policies and target indicators and activity plans to effectively educate people on the effects and impacts of Climate Change.
Environmental Acts and Climate Change Policies have been developed to govern the actions of everyone in response to Climate Change (Kang. S & Ajaja. I, 2015b)
A new Climate Compatible Development Policy 2013-2015 was development as well. Among its key priorities, following are some areas of focus for the plan (Forestry and Development, 2013);
Ø  Increase investment in carbon offsetting activities
Ø  A robust information system for Climate Change activities
Ø  Enhancing resilience of vulnerable communities to the risks of Climate Change
Ø  Invest in low carbon infrastructure and green technology